{"id":1544,"date":"2026-09-23T09:40:25","date_gmt":"2026-09-23T09:40:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/airplanespot.com\/?page_id=1544"},"modified":"2026-10-01T07:27:10","modified_gmt":"2026-10-01T07:27:10","slug":"study","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/airplanespot.com\/?page_id=1544","title":{"rendered":"Study"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/airplanespot.com\/?page_id=1595\">Sectional and Airspace Trainer<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/airplanespot.com\/?page_id=1593\">VOR\/CDI Simulator<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/airplanespot.com\/?page_id=1604\">Scenario Based Training<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Flashcards<\/p>\n\n\n    <div id=\"asc-1\" class=\"asc-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"asc-heading\"><span>STUDY DECK<\/span><h2>Aviation Flashcards<\/h2><p>Tap a card to reveal its answer.<\/p><\/div>\n      <div class=\"asc-picker\"><label for=\"asc-1-course\">Course<\/label><select id=\"asc-1-course\" class=\"asc-course-select\">\n        <option value=\"\">Select a course<\/option>\n        <option value=\"214\">Private Pilot Course<\/option>                      <\/select><\/div>\n      <div class=\"asc-picker\"><label for=\"asc-1-deck\">Deck<\/label><select id=\"asc-1-deck\" class=\"asc-deck-select\" disabled><option value=\"\">Select a course first<\/option><\/select><\/div>\n            <div class=\"asc-counter\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n      <button type=\"button\" class=\"asc-card\" aria-label=\"Reveal answer\"><span class=\"asc-side\">Question<\/span><img class=\"asc-image\" alt=\"Flashcard illustration\" hidden><span class=\"asc-text\"><\/span><span class=\"asc-hint\">Tap to reveal<\/span><\/button>\n      <div class=\"asc-actions\"><button type=\"button\" data-action=\"prev\">\u2190 Previous<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-action=\"flip\">Show answer<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-action=\"explain\" hidden>Show explanation<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-action=\"next\">Next \u2192<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-action=\"shuffle\">Shuffle<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-action=\"save\"  disabled='disabled'>Study later<\/button><\/div>\n      <div class=\"asc-explanation\" hidden><strong>Explanation<\/strong><div class=\"asc-explanation-body\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"asc-message\" role=\"status\">Sign in to save cards for later.<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <style>.asc-wrap .asc-explanation{border:1px solid #517e9c;border-radius:12px;padding:18px;margin:12px 0;background:#edf5f9;color:#162d40;text-align:left}.asc-wrap 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#517e9c;border-radius:18px;background:#17344e;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;text-align:center;box-sizing:border-box}.asc-card .asc-side{color:#6fe0d6;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase}.asc-card .asc-text{display:block;font-size:clamp(20px,4vw,30px);font-weight:700;line-height:1.35;width:100%}.asc-card .asc-text p{margin:.45em 0}.asc-card .asc-text ul,.asc-card .asc-text ol{display:table;text-align:left;margin:.5em auto;padding-left:1.6em}.asc-card .asc-text li{margin:.25em 0}.asc-card .asc-hint{font-size:13px;color:#bed3e2}.asc-image{max-width:100%;max-height:240px;object-fit:contain;border-radius:8px}.asc-image[hidden]{display:none}.asc-actions{display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;margin:14px 0}.asc-actions button{padding:9px 13px;border:1px solid #45718d;border-radius:8px;background:#17618a;color:#fff;cursor:pointer}.asc-actions button:disabled{opacity:.5;cursor:default}.asc-message{min-height:22px;color:#375268;font-size:14px}<\/style>\n    <script>(function(){\n      const root=document.getElementById(\"asc-1\"),cfg={\"cards\":[{\"id\":1532,\"front\":\"What is an airplane?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u003C!-- wp:paragraph --\\u003E\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003EA thing with wings\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u003C!-- \\\/wp:paragraph --\\u003E\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u003C!-- wp:post-title \\\/--\\u003E\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u003C!-- wp:paragraph --\\u003E\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E99o8u9o8uio8u\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u003C!-- \\\/wp:paragraph --\\u003E\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u003C!-- wp:paragraph --\\u003E\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003Eyguyguyg\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u003C!-- \\\/wp:paragraph --\\u003E\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[]},{\"id\":1548,\"front\":\"What are the eligibility requirements for a Private Pilot?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u003Cstrong\\u003EYou must:\\u003C\\\/strong\\u003E\\u003C\\\/ins\\u003E\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cul\\u003E\\n1. Be at least 17 years of age or older\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E2. Be able to read, write, and understand the English language\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E3. Have a student pilot certificate\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E4. Complete ground school and receive an endorsement\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E5. Pass the knowledge exam\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E6. Have required aeronautical experience\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E7. \\u00a0Complete flight training with a CFI and receive an endorsement for the practical test\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E8. Pass the private pilot practical test\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"part_61\"]},{\"id\":1562,\"front\":\"How long is a third-class medical certificate valid for a pilot under age 40?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003E60 calendar month (5 years)\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003E14 CFR \\u00a7 61.23(d), in the medical certificate duration table. A third-class medical issued when the pilot was under 40 on the examination date is valid for third-class privileges through the end of the 60th calendar month after the examination month, five years.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"part_61\"]},{\"id\":1563,\"front\":\"How long is a third-class medical certificate valid for a pilot age 40 or older?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003E24 calendar months (2 years)\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"part_61\"]},{\"id\":1564,\"front\":\"How long is a second-class medical certificate valid for a pilot age 40 or older?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003E12 calendar months (1 year)\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EA second-class medical certificate is valid for second-class privileges for 12 calendar months after the examination month, regardless of age. For a pilot who was 40 or older on the examination date, it continues to qualify for third-class privileges through 24 calendar months after the examination month. 14 CFR \\u00a7 61.23(d).\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"part_61\"]},{\"id\":1565,\"front\":\"How long is a second-class medical certificate valid for a pilot under age 40?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003E12 calendar months (1 year)\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EUnder 14 CFR \\u00a7 61.23(d), a second-class medical is valid for second-class privileges through the end of the 12th calendar month after the examination month, regardless of age. If the pilot was under 40 on the examination date, it continues to qualify for third-class privileges through the end of the 60th calendar month after the examination month.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"part_61\"]},{\"id\":1566,\"front\":\"How long is a first-class medical certificate valid for a pilot under age 40?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003E12 calendar months (1 year)\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EUnder 14 CFR \\u00a7 61.23(d), a first-class medical issued when the pilot was under 40 on the examination date qualifies for:\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\nPrivileges\\t  Valid through the end of the\\u2026\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\nFirst-class\\t  12th calendar month after the examination month\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\nSecond-class\\t  12th calendar month after the examination month\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\nThird-class\\t  60th calendar month after the examination month\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"part_61\"]},{\"id\":1567,\"front\":\"How long is a first-class medical certificate valid for a pilot age 40 or older?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003E6 calendar months\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EUnder 14 CFR \\u00a7 61.23(d), a first-class medical issued when the pilot was 40 or older on the examination date qualifies for:\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\nPrivileges\\t  Valid through the end of the\\u2026\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\nFirst-class\\t  6th calendar month after the examination month\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\nSecond-class\\t  12th calendar month after the examination month\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\nThird-class\\t  24th calendar month after the examination month\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"part_61\"]},{\"id\":1568,\"front\":\"When does a pilot need a 1st class medical certificate?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EA pilot needs a first class medical to act as the PIC at a 121 operator\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EA pilot needs a first-class medical when:\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- Exercising ATP pilot in command privileges;\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- Exercising ATP second in command privileges in a Part 121 flag or supplemental operation requiring three or more pilots; or\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- Serving as a required pilot flightcrew member in a Part 121 operation at age 60 or older.\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\nRegulation: 14 CFR \\u00a7 61.23(a)(1).\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003EA 121 operator is a commercial airline operating under 14 CFR 121 rules. Examples of 121 operators include: Envoy, Skywest, American Airlines, UPS, etc.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"part_61\"]},{\"id\":1570,\"front\":\"When does a pilot need a 2nd class medical certificate?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EA pilot needs a 2nd class medical certificate to exercise the privileges of a commercial pilot or to serve as an SIC (Second In Command) at a 121 operator \\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EA pilot generally needs at least a second-class medical to exercise commercial pilot privileges or to serve as a Part 121 first officer. 14 CFR \\u00a7 61.23(a)(2).\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"part_61\"]},{\"id\":1571,\"front\":\"When does a pilot need a 3rd class medical certificate?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EA pilot needs a 3rd class medical certificate to exercise the privileges of a private pilot\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EA pilot generally needs at least a third-class medical to exercise student, recreational, or private pilot privileges, or to instruct while acting as PIC or a required crewmember. 14 CFR \\u00a7 61.23(a)(3). BasicMed and other listed exceptions may apply.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"part_61\"]},{\"id\":1572,\"front\":\"What are the privileges and limitations of a private pilot certificate?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cul\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003E\\nA private pilot may act as the PIC of a flight that does not involve compensation or hire, unless that compensation is incidental to the flight.\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003E\\nA private pilot may not pay less than the pro rata share of the aircraft. Passengers may help with the operating cost of a flight but those cost are limited to fuel, oil, aircraft rental, and overnight tie down fees.\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003E\\nThere are limited exceptions that allow a private pilot to receive compensation or reimbursement. They are listed in 14 CFR \\u00a7 61.113(b)\\u2013(h).\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EA private pilot must pay at least their pro rata share of a flight\\u2019s operating expenses when carrying passengers. Costs shared with passengers are limited to fuel, oil, airport expenditures (such as tie-down fees), and aircraft rental fees. 14 CFR \\u00a7 61.113(c).\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003EUnder 14 CFR \\u00a7 61.113(b)\\u2013(h), the exceptions are:\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- A flight incidental to the pilot\\u2019s business or employment, if passengers or property are not carried for compensation or hire.\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- Sharing flight expenses with passengers, with the pilot paying at least a pro rata share.\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- Qualifying charitable, nonprofit, or community event flights.\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- Reimbursement of specified expenses for qualifying search and location operations.\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- An aircraft salesman with at least 200 logged flight hours demonstrating an aircraft to a prospective buyer.\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- Towing a glider or unpowered ultralight, if the pilot meets the applicable requirements.\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- Certain production flight tests for light-sport aircraft, if the pilot meets the specified requirements.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"part_61\"]},{\"id\":1574,\"front\":\"Does a private pilot certificate ever expire?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EA private pilot certificate does not expire, but it is no longer valid if it is surrendered, suspended, or revoked.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EA pilot can also temporarily lose the ability to exercise its privileges by lacking a required medical, flight review, or passenger currency; that does not invalidate the certificate itself. 14 CFR \\u00a7 61.19(a), (c).\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"part_61\"]},{\"id\":1575,\"front\":\"How does a private pilot remain current?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EA pilot must complete a Biennial Flight Review (BFR) every 24 calendar months to act as the PIC of a flight.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u003Cstrong\\u003EPassenger carrying currency:\\u003C\\\/strong\\u003E\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cul\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003E\\nTo carry passengers, a pilot must have completed 3 takeoffs and 3 landings within the previous 90 days in the same category, class, and type (if the aircraft to be flown requires a type rating) of aircraft to be flown.\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003E\\nTo carry passengers at night, the three takeoffs and landing must have been completed at night to a full-stop.\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003E\\nTo carry passengers in a tail-wheeled aircraft, the three takeoffs and landings must have been completed in a tail-wheeled airplane to a full-stop.\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003ETo act as PIC, a private pilot needs a flight review within the preceding 24 calendar months and appropriate medical qualification. To carry passengers, the pilot also needs three takeoffs and landings within the preceding 90 days in the applicable aircraft category, class, and type if required. Night passengers require three full-stop takeoffs and landings during the night currency window. IFR flight requires separate instrument currency. 14 CFR \\u00a7\\u00a7 61.23, 61.56, 61.57.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"part_61\"]},{\"id\":1577,\"front\":\"With respects to certification of airmen, define category, class and type\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cul\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003E\\nCategory is a broad group of aircraft such as airplane, rotorcraft, lighter-than-air, and glider.\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003E\\nClass is a group within a category with similar characteristics. The classes of an airplane include single-engine land, multi-engine land, single-engine sea, and multi-engine sea.\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003E\\nA type consists of a make and model of aircraft. Examples: Cessna 172, Piper PA-28-180, Boeing 737-800, etc.\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EFor airman certification under 14 CFR \\u00a7 1.1\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003EThink of them as broad to specific:\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- Category \\u2014 what kind of aircraft? Airplane or rotorcraft.\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- Class \\u2014 what kind within that category? For an airplane: single-engine land. For a rotorcraft: helicopter.\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- Type \\u2014 which specific make and basic model? For example, a Boeing 737.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003EA pilot certificate may show category and class ratings; a type rating is required only when the regulations call for one.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"part_61\"]},{\"id\":1578,\"front\":\"What is the main difference between a rating and an endorsement?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EA rating requires a check ride whereas an endorsement does not.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EA rating is added to your pilot certificate and grants a defined privilege, such as airplane single-engine land or instrument airplane. An endorsement is an instructor\\u2019s signed entry in your logbook confirming that you received required training or met a requirement, such as for a complex aircraft.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003ERating: 14 CFR \\u00a7 1.1 defines it as part of a certificate; \\u00a7 61.5 lists pilot ratings.\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\nEndorsement: 14 CFR \\u00a7 61.31(e) requires training and a logbook endorsement to operate a complex airplane as PIC.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"part_61\"]},{\"id\":1579,\"front\":\"Once you earn your pilot certificate, what are several endorsements you can receive?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cli\\u003E\\nComplex airplane\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003E\\nHigh-performance airplane\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003E\\nTailwheel airplane\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003E\\nHigh-altitude pressurized aircraft\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003ECommon logbook endorsements you can receive after earning a pilot certificate include:\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- Complex airplane\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- High-performance airplane\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- Tailwheel airplane\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- High-altitude pressurized aircraft\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\nThese are covered by 14 CFR \\u00a7 61.31(e)\\u2013(g) and (i). They document required training and proficiency; they are not ratings added to your certificate.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"part_61\"]},{\"id\":1580,\"front\":\"What is a high-performance airplane and what do you need to fly it?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cul\\u003E\\nA high performance airplane is an airplane with an engine rated at over 200 horse power. \\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003ETo fly this airplane, a pilot needs:\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003E\\n    Ground training\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003E\\n    Flight training\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003E\\n    An endorsement\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EA high-performance airplane has an engine of more than 200 horsepower. To act as PIC, you generally need ground and flight training in one and a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor. 14 CFR \\u00a7 61.31(f).\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"part_61\"]},{\"id\":1581,\"front\":\"You make a new friend at the local airport who says he will allow you to fly his Cessna Cardinal RG (C-177RG) at no charge. The airplane is equipped with an IO-360-A1B6D engine rated at 200 horse power. Do you need a high-performance endorsement to fly friend\\u0026#8217;s Cardinal?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003ENo\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003ENo high-performance endorsement is required. The threshold is more than 200 horsepower; this Cardinal has exactly 200. 14 CFR \\u00a7 61.31(e)\\u2013(f).\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"part_61\"]},{\"id\":1582,\"front\":\"What is a complex airplane and what do you need to fly it?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EA complex airplane is an airplane with:\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cul\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003E Retractable landing gear\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003E Constant speed engine\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003E Flaps\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003C\\\/ul\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003ETo fly a complex airplane, you need:\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cul\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003E Ground training\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003E Flight training\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003E Endorsement\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003C\\\/ul\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EA complex airplane has retractable landing gear, a controllable-pitch propeller (constant speed engine), and flaps. To act as PIC, you generally need ground and flight training in a complex airplane and a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor. 14 CFR \\u00a7 61.31(e).\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"part_61\"]},{\"id\":1583,\"front\":\"What is a high-altitude airplane and what do you need to fly it?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EA high-altitude airplane is an airplane with a:\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cul\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EPressurized cabin\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EMaximum service ceiling greater than 25,000 feet MSL\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003C\\\/ul\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003ETo fly a high-altitude airplane, you need:\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cul\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EGround training\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EFlight training\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EEndorsement\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003C\\\/ul\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EFor the endorsement rule, a high-altitude aircraft is a pressurized aircraft with a service ceiling or maximum operating altitude above 25,000 feet MSL. To act as PIC, you generally need the required ground and flight training and a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor. 14 CFR \\u00a7 61.31(g).\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"part_61\"]},{\"id\":1585,\"front\":\"What does a pilot need to fly a tail-wheeled airplane?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cul\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EFlight training\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EEndorsement\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003ETo act as PIC of a tailwheel airplane, a pilot generally needs flight training in one and a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor. 14 CFR \\u00a7 61.31(i).\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"part_61\"]},{\"id\":1586,\"front\":\"When is a type rating required?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EA type rating is required to fly an aircraft that:\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cul\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EHas a maximum certified takeoff weight greater than 12,500 pounds\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EIs turbo jet powered\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EIs type certified requiring pilots to have a type certificate\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003E14 CFR \\u00a7 61.31 Type rating requirements, additional training, and authorization requirements.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"part_61\"]},{\"id\":1588,\"front\":\"What is the difference between currency and proficiency?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EA pilot can be current without being proficient. For example, a pilot who completed a flight review 20 months ago but has not flown since still meets the 24-calendar-month flight review requirement to act as PIC. After such a long break, however, the pilot may no longer be proficient.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003ECurrency vs. Proficiency\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003ECurrency - means a pilot meets the FAA\\u2019s minimum recent-experience requirements for a particular activity. Proficiency - means the pilot has the knowledge and skills to perform that activity safely.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003EA pilot can be current without being proficient. For example, a pilot who completed a flight review 20 months ago but has not flown since may still meet the flight review requirement to act as PIC. That pilot may need practice before flying safely again. The same principle applies to passenger and instrument currency: meeting the minimum requirement is a starting point, not a guarantee of readiness.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003EBefore each flight, pilots should consider how recently they have practiced the specific skills the flight will require. If those skills are rusty, additional practice or a flight with an instructor can help restore proficiency.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"part_61\"]},{\"id\":1589,\"front\":\"What documents must you have in their physical possession or readily accessible in the aircraft to act as the PIC?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cul\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EPilot certificate\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EPhoto ID\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EMedical certificate\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003C\\\/ul\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003E14 CFR \\u00a7 61.3 covers the documents a pilot must have in their physical possession or readily accessible in the aircraft:\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- A pilot certificate \\u2014 \\u00a7 61.3(a)(1)\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- Photo identification \\u2014 \\u00a7 61.3(a)(2)\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- An appropriate medical certificate or qualifying alternative, when required \\u2014 \\u00a7 61.3(c)\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\nA flight review endorsement is required to meet PIC currency rules, but you generally do not have to carry your logbook on every flight.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"part_61\"]},{\"id\":1590,\"front\":\"How long do you have to notify the FAA after a permanent mailing address change?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003E30 days\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EAfter a change to your permanent mailing address, you cannot exercise your pilot certificate privileges beyond 30 days unless you have notified the FAA. 14 CFR \\u00a7 61.60.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"part_61\"]},{\"id\":1591,\"front\":\"Who has authority to inspect your pilot certificate?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cul\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EThe FAA administrator\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EAn authorized representative of the NTSB\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EA federal, state, or local law enforcement officer\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EAn authorized TSA representative\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EUnder 14 CFR \\u00a7 61.3(l), you must present your pilot certificate and photo ID for inspection when requested by:\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- The FAA Administrator\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- An authorized NTSB representative\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- A federal, state, or local law enforcement officer\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- An authorized TSA representative\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"part_61\"]},{\"id\":1612,\"front\":\"What is the acute angle A?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EAngle of attack.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EThe angle formed between the chord line of the wing and the relative wind is called the angle of attack.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"https:\\\/\\\/airplanespot.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/01\\\/airfoil_test_img_01.png\",\"decks\":[\"aerodynamics\"]},{\"id\":1614,\"front\":\"An airplane will stall when . . .\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003Ethe critical angle of attack is exceeded.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"aerodynamics\"]},{\"id\":1615,\"front\":\"What is a stall?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EA stall occurs when a wing exceeds its critical angle of attack, causing airflow to separate from the wing and reducing lift. The wings still produce some lift during a stall, but it may be insufficient to maintain level flight.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EThe angle of attack is the angle between the wing\\u2019s chord line and the relative wind. As this angle increases, lift generally increases until the wing reaches its critical angle of attack.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003EBeyond that point, airflow separates from much of the wing\\u2019s upper surface, reducing lift and increasing drag. This is a stall. The wing does not stop producing lift entirely, but its ability to produce lift is significantly reduced.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003EAn airplane can stall at any airspeed or attitude. Recovery requires reducing the angle of attack so smooth airflow can return over the wing.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"aerodynamics\"]},{\"id\":1616,\"front\":\"What is an airfoil and what are some examples?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cul\\u003E\\nAn airfoil is a device that manipulates airflow to produce an aerodynamic force. The main airfoils of an airplane include: \\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EWings\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EVertical stabilizer\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EHorizontal stabilizer\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EPropeller\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003C\\\/ul\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EAn airfoil\\u2019s shape and angle to the airflow allow it to produce an aerodynamic force. Each airfoil serves a different purpose:\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- Wings: Produce lift to support the airplane.\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- Vertical stabilizer: Provides directional stability, helping the airplane resist unwanted yaw.\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- Horizontal stabilizer: Provides longitudinal stability and helps balance the airplane in pitch.\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- Propeller blades: Act as rotating airfoils, producing thrust to move the airplane forward.\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\nThe force produced depends on the airfoil\\u2019s shape, angle of attack, and airflow speed.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"aerodynamics\"]},{\"id\":1617,\"front\":\"What is the mean camber line?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EThe mean camber line is the theoretical line drawn from the leading edge to the trailing edge of the wing, which remains equidistant from the upper and lower surfaces of the wing.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EThe mean camber line follows the midpoint between the upper and lower surfaces of an airfoil, from the leading edge to the trailing edge. It represents the airfoil\\u2019s curvature, or camber.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003EUnlike the chord line, which is straight, the mean camber line usually curves. In a symmetrical airfoil, the upper and lower surfaces are mirror images, so the mean camber line is straight and coincides with the chord line.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"aerodynamics\"]},{\"id\":1618,\"front\":\"What is the wing chord line?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EThe wing chord line is the theoretical line drawn straight from the leading edge to the trailing edge.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EThe chord line is a straight reference line connecting an airfoil\\u2019s leading edge to its trailing edge. Unlike the mean camber line, it does not follow the airfoil\\u2019s curvature.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003EThe chord line is used to measure angle of attack, which is the angle between the chord line and the relative wind. The distance between its endpoints is called the chord length.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"aerodynamics\"]},{\"id\":1619,\"front\":\"Explain Bernoullis Principle and how it applies to an airplane . . .\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EBernoulli\\u0027s Principle states that as the velocity of a fluid or gas increases, its static pressure decreases. Conversely, as the velocity of a fluid or gas decreases, its static pressure increases. As air flows over the upper curved surface of the wing, the velocity of the air increases, thereby decreasing the pressure of the air above the wing. Beneath the wing, the pressure is higher than above the wing. This combination of low pressure above the wing and high pressure below the wing results in a lifting force.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EAir is a fluid, and it exerts pressure on the surfaces it touches. Bernoulli\\u2019s principle explains that, under the same flow conditions, faster-moving air has lower static pressure, while slower-moving air has higher static pressure.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003EA wing\\u2019s shape and angle of attack cause air to generally move faster over its upper surface, lowering the pressure above the wing. Pressure beneath the wing is generally higher. Because pressure pushes on both surfaces, the higher pressure below pushes upward more strongly than the lower pressure above pushes downward. The resulting force contributes to lift.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003EThe wing also redirects air downward. This downward deflection and the pressure difference are connected parts of how a wing produces lift.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"aerodynamics\"]},{\"id\":1620,\"front\":\"How does an airplane wing produces lift?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EAn airplane wing produces lift through pressure differences and the downward deflection of airflow, explained by Bernoulli\\u2019s principle and Newton\\u2019s third law of motion.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EA wing produces lift by creating pressure differences around its surfaces and directing airflow downward.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003EBernoulli\\u2019s principle: Air generally moves faster over the wing\\u2019s upper surface, resulting in lower static pressure. Higher pressure beneath the wing pushes upward more strongly than the lower pressure above pushes downward, producing lift.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003ENewton\\u2019s third law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. The wing pushes air downward, and the air exerts an upward force on the wing.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003EThese describe connected aspects of the same process, rather than two separate lifting forces. The wing\\u2019s shape and angle of attack influence both the pressure differences and the downward deflection of air.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"aerodynamics\"]},{\"id\":1621,\"front\":\"What is drag?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cul\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003EDrag is the opposing force to thrust. There are two types of drag:\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Col\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EInduced drag - a byproduct of the production of lift\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EParasite drag - produces resistance to movement through the air\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003C\\\/ol\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003EThree types of parasite drag:\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Col\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EInterference drag - a result of airplane structures protruding into the airstream, such as landing gear, struts, and antennas\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003ESkin friction drag - a result of air disruption over the skin due to elements such as dirt, rivets, flaking paint, etc.\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EForm drag - a result of the shape of the airplane\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003C\\\/ol\\u003E\\n\\u003C\\\/ul\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EDrag is the resistance an airplane encounters as it moves through the air.\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\nInduced drag occurs as a result of producing lift. In level flight, it is greater at slower airspeeds because the wing needs a higher angle of attack to maintain lift.\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\nParasite drag generally increases as airspeed increases and includes three types:\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n1. Form drag: Caused by an object\\u2019s shape. Landing gear, struts, and antennas disturb airflow and create wakes behind them.\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n2. Skin friction drag: Caused by friction as air flows along the airplane\\u2019s surfaces. Roughness from dirt, rivets, or flaking paint can increase this resistance.\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n3. Interference drag: Occurs where airflow around different structures interacts, such as at a wing-to-fuselage junction.\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\nOne component can produce multiple types of drag. For example, landing gear produces form drag because of its shape and can also produce interference drag where its airflow interacts with airflow around the airplane.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"aerodynamics\"]},{\"id\":1623,\"front\":\"What are the four forces of flight and how do they related to each other?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cul\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli style=\\u0022list-style-type: none\\u0022\\u003E\\n\\u003Cul\\u003EThe four forces of flight are:\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003ELift\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EWeight\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EThrust\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EDrag\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003C\\\/ul\\u003E\\n\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003C\\\/ul\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003EThrust opposes drag, and lift opposes weight.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EThe four forces act on an airplane during flight:\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E- Lift: Produced primarily by the wings and acts perpendicular to the relative wind.\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- Weight: The force of gravity pulling the airplane toward Earth.\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- Thrust: Produced by the propeller or jet engine to move the airplane forward.\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n- Drag: Aerodynamic resistance acting opposite the airplane\\u2019s movement through the air.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003EIn straight-and-level, unaccelerated flight, lift balances weight, and thrust balances drag. The airplane maintains a constant altitude and velocity because the forces are balanced.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"aerodynamics\"]},{\"id\":1624,\"front\":\"When are the four forces in equilibrium?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003ESteady-state, unaccelerated flight.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EEquilibrium means the forces acting on the airplane balance, resulting in no acceleration. The airplane maintains a constant speed and direction.\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\nIn straight-and-level, unaccelerated flight, lift equals weight, and thrust equals drag.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003EEquilibrium can also occur during a straight climb or descent at a constant speed. In these conditions, the forces still balance overall, but lift does not necessarily equal weight, and thrust does not necessarily equal drag.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"aerodynamics\"]},{\"id\":1626,\"front\":\"What are the four fundaments involved in maneuvering an airplane?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cul\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EClimbs\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EDescents\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003ETurns\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003Cli\\u003EStraight-and-level\\u003C\\\/li\\u003E\\n\\u003C\\\/ul\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EThe four fundamentals are the basic maneuvers that form the foundation of airplane control:\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n1. Straight-and-level flight: Maintaining a constant altitude and heading.\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n2. Turns: Changing direction by banking the airplane and coordinating with the rudder.\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n3. Climbs: Gaining altitude through appropriate pitch and power settings.\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\n4. Descents: Losing altitude through appropriate pitch and power settings.\\u003Cbr \\\/\\u003E\\nMore complex maneuvers combine these fundamentals. Each requires coordinated use of the flight controls and power to maintain the desired attitude and airspeed.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"aerodynamics\"]},{\"id\":1628,\"front\":\"What is the angle of incidence?\",\"backHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EThe angle of incidence is the angle formed between the chord line of the wing and the airplane\\u2019s longitudinal axis. It can be thought of as the angle at which the wings are attached to the airplane. This angle is fixed and cannot be changed by the pilot.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u003Cimg src=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/airplanespot.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/angle_of_incidence.png\\u0022 alt=\\u0022\\u0022 width=\\u00221920\\u0022 height=\\u0022584\\u0022 class=\\u0022alignnone size-full wp-image-1627\\u0022 \\\/\\u003E\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"explanationHtml\":\"\\u003Cp\\u003EThe angle of incidence describes how the wing is mounted relative to the airplane\\u2019s longitudinal axis\\u2014an imaginary line running from the nose to the tail. On most airplanes, this angle is fixed and does not change during flight.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\n\\u003Cp\\u003EUnlike angle of incidence, angle of attack is measured between the wing\\u2019s chord line and the relative wind. It changes as the wing\\u2019s orientation to the airflow changes. Raising or lowering the nose can change the angle of attack, but it does not change the angle of incidence.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\",\"image\":\"\",\"decks\":[\"aerodynamics\"]}],\"saved\":[],\"loggedIn\":false,\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/airplanespot.com\\\/wp-admin\\\/admin-ajax.php\",\"nonce\":\"96c1ba28ea\",\"savedMode\":false,\"browseMode\":true,\"decks\":[{\"slug\":\"aerodynamics\",\"name\":\"Aerodynamics\",\"course\":214},{\"slug\":\"part_61\",\"name\":\"Part 61\",\"course\":214}]};\n      if(!root)return;let cards=cfg.cards.slice(),index=0,flipped=false,showExplanation=false;const el=s=>root.querySelector(s),btn=s=>root.querySelector('[data-action=\"'+s+'\"]');\n      function chooseCourse(){const course=el('.asc-course-select').value,deckSelect=el('.asc-deck-select');deckSelect.replaceChildren();const placeholder=document.createElement('option');placeholder.value='';placeholder.textContent=course===''?'Select a course first':'Select a 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res.json();if(!res.ok||!result.success)throw Error(result.data?.message||'Could not save card.');cfg.saved=result.data.saved?[...cfg.saved,c.id]:cfg.saved.filter(id=>id!==c.id);el('.asc-message').textContent=result.data.saved?'Added to Study Later.':'Removed from Study Later.';if((cfg.savedMode||(cfg.browseMode&&el('.asc-deck-select').value==='__saved'))&&!result.data.saved){cards.splice(index,1);index=Math.min(index,cards.length-1);flipped=false;showExplanation=false}render()}catch(e){el('.asc-message').textContent=e.message}finally{button.disabled=false}};if(cfg.browseMode)chooseCourse();else render();\n    })();<\/script>\n    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